A tattoo style categorizes the aesthetic qualities and artistic guidelines that make a particular type of tattoo distinct. Tattoo styles function as different genres of art, each with its own history, common motifs, and techniques. You need to understand these tattoo styles for clear communication with your artist, ensuring your final piece aligns with your desires.
Tattoo artists accurately interpret your ideas and execute designs effectively when they know various styles. Knowledge of tattoo styles helps you find relevant reference photos and appreciate the rich diversity within tattoo artistry. This guide highlights the differences between various approaches, enabling you to choose the style that resonates most with your personal expression.
Exploring The Popular Tattoo Styles
American Traditional/Old School
American Traditional, or Old School, tattoos feature bold, black outlines and a limited, vibrant color palette of primary colors like red, yellow, green, and blue. These designs maintain a two-dimensional appearance with minimal shading, contributing to their remarkable durability and excellent aging properties. Understanding why certain designs like American Traditional constitute tattoos that age well becomes crucial when selecting a permanent piece that will maintain its clarity and visual impact for decades.
Pioneered by artists like Sailor Jerry Collins in the early 20th century, this style became popular with the advent of electric tattoo machines and flash walls in shops.
Common imagery includes roses, anchors, skulls, swallows, panthers, eagles, and pin-up girls.
Black And Grey
Black and Grey ranks as a highly popular and versatile tattoo style capable of depicting almost any subject matter. It exclusively uses black ink and various dilutions (gray wash) to create a spectrum of shades. This technique achieves remarkable depth, dimension, and contrast through intricate shading, distinguishing it from Blackwork, which primarily relies on solid black ink and negative space.
This style originated in the Chicano art movement within prisons during the 1970s and 80s when colored inks were unavailable.
Common imagery includes roses, pocket watches, portraits, skulls, animals, various objects, and nature scenes. Black and Grey combines seamlessly with other styles such as Japanese, Realism, Illustrative, and Dotwork.
Neo Traditional
Neo Traditional tattoo style evolves from American Traditional by expanding upon its foundational elements. While honoring bold lines, Neo Traditional designs incorporate varying line weights, subtle gradients, a wider and more nuanced color palette, and intricate details.
This style creates a painterly and illustrative look with greater depth and dimension than its predecessor (Traditional tattoo style). It draws influences from Art Nouveau’s strong, flowing curves and Art Deco’s filigree and detailed ornamentation, maintaining clean linework and more realistic proportions.
Common imagery includes animals (especially wolves, stags, and foxes), flowers, birds, Native American portraits, and other elaborate figurative pieces.
Realism
Realism tattoo style creates images on the skin that appear exactly as they would in real life, essentially recreating photographs with ink. This style demands an exceptionally high level of skill, precision, and patience from the artist. Consequently, realism takes longer to master and costs more than many other tattoo styles.
Learn more: How to choose the best tattoo artist and match your vision
Realism as an art form began in 19th century Europe, tattoo realism gained significant popularity in the USA from the 1950s onward, thanks to technological advancements and refined artistic skills that enabled photographic precision.
Common imagery includes lifelike skulls, classical statues, detailed portraits of people (celebrities, loved ones, or historical figures), animals, and plants.
A sub-genre known as Hyperrealism pushes these boundaries even further, aiming for a level of detail and lifelikeness that is almost indistinguishable from a high-resolution photograph, often emphasizing textures and minute details to an extreme degree.
Japanese (Irezumi)
Japanese tattoo style, traditionally known as Irezumi, creates big, bright designs focused on deeply symbolic cultural motifs. These tattoos feature illustrative linework and masterful use of negative space, incorporated into the overall flow of the piece. Historically, artists created many Irezumi using traditional hand-poking techniques called tebori, though modern machines complement these methods today. This style excels in large-scale compositions covering entire limbs or the back, making it particularly effective for intricate cover-ups.
Irezumi originated during Japan’s Edo period (1603-1868), inspired by elaborate wooden block prints (ukiyo-e). It initially served partly to cover penal tattoos. Over time, it became associated with criminality and the Yakuza, resulting in periods of prohibition. Its popularity surged in 1827 with the release of woodblock prints featuring heroic figures adorned with extensive tattoos.
Common imagery carries rich symbolism: Tigers represent strength and courage; Dragons symbolize wisdom, strength, and wealth; Koi fish embody inspiration and overcoming struggle; Samurai stand for honor and self-discipline; Fu Dogs (Karajishi) offer power and protection; Flowers like cherry blossoms and chrysanthemums signify positivity and good character;…
Designs often include folklore heroes, epic myths, historical battles, mythical monsters, and natural elements like waves, clouds, and wind bars (signifying change), with water symbolizing purity and life.
New School
New School tattoo style pushes beyond realistic boundaries with its vibrant, cartoonish look and exaggerated features, similar to caricatures. These designs feature rounded silhouettes brought to life with exceptionally vivid colors, frequently creating a 3D “graffiti” effect.
New School emerged as a rebellious evolution in the 1970s, heavily influenced by graffiti art, cartoons, hip-hop culture, pop art, and various Americana motifs. This era introduced more open technique sharing among tattoo artists and increased client involvement in the design process.
Common imagery includes whimsical animals, expressive skulls, cartoon characters, food items, and pop culture references from TV shows, movies, video games, anime, and comic books.
Blackwork
Blackwork tattoo style exclusively uses solid black ink for designs. This style emphasizes contrast and form, featuring bold, thick linework and strategic use of negative space (un-inked skin) as integral design elements. Blackwork differs from Black & Grey tattooing by relying on dense black areas rather than diluted gray washes for shading, though some Blackwork artists incorporate brush shading or dotwork for lighter areas or texture. This constantly evolving style offers broad aesthetic possibilities.
Blackwork derives from ancient Tribal traditions, where solid black markings held deep cultural and spiritual significance. As tattooing spread westward, these black motifs began transitioning, sometimes separating from their original tribal roots and spiritual aspects to become powerful aesthetic tools for self-expression and bold artistic statements.
Blackwork encompasses diverse imagery, including Tribal subcategories (like Polynesian or Maori-inspired patterns), Illustrative designs in solid black, Geometric patterns, abstract graphics, bold portraiture, intricate lettering, and repeating patterns. It includes blackout tattoos, where large body areas or entire limbs receive solid black ink. Artists frequently combine Blackwork with compatible styles like Dotwork for subtle shading or texture, or Geometric elements for structure and pattern.
Watercolor
Watercolor tattoo style replicates the soft, translucent, and blended appearance of watercolor paint on paper or canvas. These tattoos feature soft-looking edges, abundant color (often in pastel hues but capable of vibrant saturation), and colors that fade out or bleed like traditional watercolor painting. This style requires considerable technical skill to achieve authentic effects. Watercolor emerged recently in the tattoo world, gaining popularity in the last decade.
The technique employs specialized blending and shading methods to create subtle color washes. Artists apply ink colors to spread and interact on the skin, sometimes spilling over structural elements like outlines. The interplay between shading and contrast creates the distinctive essence. Artists use techniques like whip shading (rapid, sweeping motions) and pendulum shading (back-and-forth motions) to create feathered, painterly edges.
Watercolor tattoos cause less pain during application because the pigment doesn’t penetrate as deeply into the skin. However, the lighter color washes fade faster than tattoos with solid, bold linework and saturated color. Including subtle line work helps the tattoo maintain its structure over time.
Common imagery includes animals (especially birds, butterflies, and fish), floral designs, abstract shapes, and characters from various media. Watercolor elements combine with other styles, such as surrealism or anime, creating unique hybrid designs.
Dotwork
Dotwork tattoo style creates entire pieces using thousands of tiny, individual dots. Artists skillfully manipulate the quantity, distance, position, and size of these dots to build shading, depth, contrast, and visual continuity throughout designs. This meticulous technique requires exceptional precision, patience, and steady hands, resulting in potentially higher costs and longer completion times compared to similar-sized pieces in other styles.
Dotwork gained particular popularity in the tattoo scene during the 1990s. Artistically, it draws inspiration from Post-Impressionist Pointillism, where artists like Georges Seurat created images from countless color dots. Historically and culturally, dot-based marking techniques held religious or cultural significance in various ancient traditions.
Artists typically execute Dotwork in Black and Grey, using black ink for dots and natural skin tone as lighter shades. This style rarely incorporates vibrant color, though occasionally employs dark blue or other dark pigments. Common features include symmetric patterns (like mandalas and sacred geometry), subtle 3D effects through careful dot placement, and effective negative space use to define forms and highlights.
Illustrative
Illustrative tattoo style resembles artwork taken directly from storybooks or detailed sketches. This broad category draws influences from various art movements and techniques, sometimes combining classical illustration traditions with realism, abstract, and expressionistic approaches. While often incorporating painterly elements, it typically includes bold black linework to define forms, though this isn’t mandatory. The style creates images that look like illustrations rather than photorealistic depictions, with predominantly two-dimensional, colorful designs, though black and grey illustrative work also thrives.
Illustrative tattoos encompass vast subject ranges, including nature scenes, animals (both realistic and anthropomorphic), mythological creatures, fantasy characters, and narrative scenes. Designs feature concrete elements like figures, animals, and plants, emphasizing artistic interpretation and storytelling.
An illustrative tattoo reproduces existing artwork or presents original creations in the artist’s distinct style, allowing extensive creativity and personalization.
Portrait
Portrait tattoo style, a specialized Realism subcategory, captures the likeness of faces and figures, both human and animal. The primary goal reproduces photorealistic appearances of individuals, including celebrities, historical figures, loved ones (partners, children, ancestors), or beloved pets. This style demands exceptional detail attention, as artists strive to replicate physical features accurately while capturing subjects’ emotions, personality, and essence. Due to the complexities of human and animal anatomy, proportions, natural asymmetries, and feature lighting interplay, portraiture presents one of tattooing’s most challenging forms.
Artists must understand facial structure, shading techniques, and subtle nuances thoroughly to bring portraits to life on skin.
Script / Lettering
Script or Lettering tattoo style transforms words, names, significant numbers, or meaningful phrases into artistic skin expressions. Artists employ numerous lettering styles—similar to computer fonts—ranging from simple, clean typefaces to elaborate calligraphy. These tattoos stand alone as central pieces or integrate with other imagery to complement larger designs.
Lettering ranks among the oldest forms of modern tattooing. Historically, it served practical purposes for sailors (marking important dates or locations), soldiers (displaying blood type or unit, and cataloging prisoners), and individuals needing to alert others to medical conditions. Today, script tattoos preserve cherished memories, commemorate loved ones, express personal mottos or beliefs, quote literature or songs, and pay homage to significant people or events.
Common imagery includes words, names, dates, full quotes, meaningful phrases, and symbolic letters or numbers. Artists often add decorative elements like filigree, flourishes, or small icons around cursive script to enhance aesthetic appeal.
Minimalist
Minimalist tattoo style follows a “less is more” philosophy, featuring fine linework, delicate details, and simple, clean designs. These tattoos involve minimal or no shading and make significant use of negative space, incorporating un-inked skin as a crucial aesthetic element. The color palette remains very limited, with black ink dominating, though subtle color hints occasionally appear. This style focuses on reducing designs to their most basic and essential elements.
This style derives its aesthetic from the broader Minimalism art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, emphasizing simplicity and objectivity. Minimalist tattoos appeal to contemporary desires for faster, smaller, more affordable tattoo options, and preferences for subtlety and discretion.
Common imagery includes delicate floral outlines, simple geometric shapes, celestial bodies (sun, moon, stars), classic symbols (anchors, hearts), and zodiac signs or constellations. Designs typically feature single, iconic pieces or deconstructed elements of larger concepts. Due to their small and discreet nature, minimalist tattoos hide easily in unusual places like behind the ear, on fingers, or along the collarbone.
Tribal
Tribal tattoo style encompasses a vast array of indigenous tattoo traditions from around the globe. Historically, these tattoos marked an individual’s identity, including family, clan, social status, or significant achievements and rites of passage. Modern tribal-inspired designs utilize large areas of solid black ink and sweeping, abstract lines that flow harmoniously with the body’s natural contours. This style functions as a type of blackwork, known for its bold linework and strategic use of negative space.
Tribal tattooing dates back to ancient times, with evidence found in diverse cultures globally, including ancient Egypt, Polynesia (Marquesan, Samoan, Hawaiian), Māori (Ta Moko) of New Zealand, Mayan, Aztec, and Celtic traditions. These styles developed in isolation, creating unique visual languages. Modern “New Tribal” or “Neo-Tribal” often imitates ancient tribal art aesthetics without holding the same traditional cultural or spiritual meanings.
Common imagery varies greatly among different aboriginal groups, though nature-inspired symbols predominate. Triangle designs represent shark’s teeth (protection); shaded triangles symbolize arrowheads (strength and power); lizards bring good luck; and sea turtles represent protection or shields.
These designs incorporate elements from specific traditions like Maori Moko, Aboriginal art, Mayan/Aztec patterns, Hawaiian Kakau, Samoan Pe’a, and Celtic knotwork, characterized by simple patterns, geometric shapes, and repetitive figures drawn from fauna, flora, and natural elements.
Line Art
Line Art tattoo style, closely related to minimalist and single-line tattoos, creates clean, discrete, and often monochrome appearances. It uses clear, distinct lines as the primary and usually sole element to form images, typically with single ink colors, most commonly black. Many line art tattoos appear as if created with one continuous, flowing line, extensively using negative space to define subjects.
This approach involves graceful curvatures, intricate overlapping details where lines cross, and focus on subject outlines and essential contours. Line thickness varies from extremely fine and delicate to bolder and more assertive, depending on desired effects and artist styles. Many line art tattoos embrace minimalist principles or incorporate geometric shapes and patterns.
Common motifs include contorted or abstract faces and figures, elegantly outlined animals, minimalist portraits, and delicate floral designs. This style offers shorter, potentially less painful tattoo sessions compared to heavily shaded or colored pieces, due to reduced skin trauma.
Trash Polka
Trash Polka creates distinctive, dynamic tattoos known for bold, seemingly chaotic yet carefully composed designs. It uniquely combines surrealism, realism, geometric shapes, lettering, and various graphic elements into a collage-like effect. This style’s hallmark includes almost exclusive use of black and red ink, juxtaposing realistic imagery with abstract splatters, smudges, brush strokes, and bold linework. The style creates dramatic contrasts and dynamic compositions with a sense of movement and raw energy.
Tattoo artists Simone Pfaff and Volko Merschky at Buena Vista Tattoo Club in Würzburg, Germany, created this avant-garde style in the late 1990s. They remain the originators and primary driving force behind its development and popularization.
Common motifs include realistic animals (like crows or wolves), floral elements, portraits, or nautical themes, paired and overlaid with abstract shapes such as bold lines, geometric forms, and signature red ink splatters or smears. Text and graphic elements, resembling typewriter font or bold stencils, frequently add meaning or visual texture to compositions.
Geometric
Geometric tattoo style breaks designs into basic shapes: lines, circles, triangles, squares, and complex polygons. It uses shading to create three-dimensionality, showing how light bounces off different planes and facets. These tattoos arrange shapes in pleasing combinations or intricate patterns, incorporating either bold or fine linework, with effects ranging from minimal shading to complex stippling and gradients. The style emphasizes clean lines, precise shapes, and often symmetry and balance.
Geometric patterns have appeared in tattooing for millennia, often conveying religious, spiritual, or sacred meanings across cultures, modern Geometric style emerged recently, flourishing in the 21st century. It evolved significantly from earlier Geometric blackwork and now includes vibrant colors alongside classic black and grey.
Common imagery includes animals (like lions, wolves, or birds rendered with geometric facets), abstract shapes, and Mandala-style designs (a form of sacred geometry). Geometric tattoos often represent balance, harmony, and order, embodying philosophical concepts, mathematical principles, or connections to transcendental and spiritual existence.
Other Prominent Tattoo Styles
Beyond widely recognized genres, a diverse array of other prominent tattoo styles captivates enthusiasts. These distinct artistic expressions each offer unique visual languages, symbolism, and technical approaches, catering to varied aesthetic preferences. Here are 9 other styles you should know:
Chicano
Chicano tattoo style, originating in the mid-1900s among Mexican and Mexican-American communities in the Southwest United States, particularly Southern California, is rich in cultural heritage. Traditionally defined by smooth black and grey tones and highly illustrative designs, this style often incorporates religious, political, historical, and “familia” (family) themes central to Chicano culture. While sometimes associated with gang symbols and lettering from LA street culture, its roots also lie in prison art where resources were limited.
Common imagery is deeply symbolic, including religious icons like Jesus, the Virgin Mary, crosses, and praying hands (often featuring the Pachuco cross). Portraits of family members, lost loved ones, and iconic 50s Hollywood celebrities or figures from the Mexican Revolution are prevalent. Other motifs include classic cars (especially lowriders), guns, masks, and clowns. The “Laugh now, Cry Later” clown masks are a prominent theme, representing strength, toughness, and the duality of human pain and a hard exterior.
Chicano tattoo style, originating in the mid-1900s among Mexican and Mexican-American communities in the Southwest United States
Biomechanical
Biomechanical tattoos aim for the ultimate transformation, using ink and often the strategic use of empty skin to create the illusion of robotic, mechanical, or alien-like parts integrated within the human body. These designs are often strategically placed to work with the form and movement of the client’s body part, enhancing the illusion. This style masterfully mixes elements of realism with anatomical interpretations to morph the human body into a perceived robotic or organic-mechanical masterpiece, often featuring exposed gears, wires, pistons, and sinewy, alien textures.
Surrealism
Surrealism tattoos draw heavily from the early 20th-century art movement, aiming to unlock the power of the imagination. These designs often feature illogical scenes, dream-like imagery, and unexpected juxtapositions of ordinary objects in an extraordinary context. Surrealism in tattooing focuses on taking realistic elements and adding hyper-realistic, abstract, or fantastical components that are not an original part of the subject, creating unnerving and thought-provoking compositions that challenge perception and reality.
Abstract
Abstract tattoos prioritize artistic expression over literal representation, focusing on form, color, line, and texture to convey a mood, idea, or feeling rather than a recognizable object or scene. This style allows for immense creativity and imagination, morphing concepts into visual representations that can be entirely different from objective reality. Abstract tattoos heavily utilize shapes, flowing lines, brushwork-like techniques, and unique compositions, resulting in highly personal and interpretive pieces.
Victorian
Victorian style tattoos hearken back to the 19th century when tattooing gained popularity in England among both the working classes and the aristocracy. During Victorian times, tattoos were often associated with travelers, sailors, adventurous spirits, and even the criminal underworld, symbolizing experiences in exotic, little-known locales. Modern Victorian tattoos aim to recreate the relatively simple yet symbolic style of Europe’s early modern tattoo artists. Popular designs often include naval and religious imagery, hearts, expressions of love, floral motifs, and simple portraits executed with a distinct, vintage aesthetic.
Embroidery (Patch Tattoos)
Embroidery tattoos, also known as Patch Tattoos, are designed to mimic the look and texture of an embroidered patch stitched onto the skin. This style often features a distinct, raised-looking border (like a merrowed edge on a real patch) and uses colors and shading techniques to replicate the appearance of thread and fabric. These tattoos are typically vibrant and can depict a wide range of imagery, from cartoon characters to floral designs, giving the illusion of a tangible patch affixed to the body. This style has gained popularity for its unique visual effect and playful aesthetic, sometimes branching off from New School influences.
3-D
3-D tattoos are designed to create a strong optical illusion of depth and dimensionality, making the artwork appear as if it is either raised off the skin, embedded within it, or interacting with the body in a three-dimensional way. This style requires a masterful understanding of perspective, shading, highlights, and shadow to trick the eye. While many well-executed tattoos in styles like Realism or New School have a sense of depth, 3-D tattoos specifically aim to push this illusion to the forefront, often depicting objects that look startlingly real and tangible on the skin’s surface, such as insects appearing to crawl on the skin or geometric shapes seemingly popping out.
Otaku
Otaku tattoo style is dedicated to the vibrant and diverse world of Japanese anime (animation) and manga (graphic novels). This style focuses on accurately depicting beloved anime characters, iconic scenes from mangas, or symbols and logos associated with specific series. Whether in bold color or detailed black and grey, Otaku tattoos are a passionate homage by fans (otaku) to their favorite Japanese pop culture creations. Popular subjects often include characters and elements from globally renowned series like Pokémon, Naruto, Dragon Ball Z, or Studio Ghibli films.
Important Considerations Before Getting A Tattoo
Several important factors require careful consideration before committing to ink. Choose the right style based on your long-term aesthetic preferences, the personal meaning you want your tattoo to convey, and how different styles age over time.
Find the right artist for your design, styles like Realism, Watercolor, or intricate Dotwork demand very high skill levels and specific expertise. Research artists thoroughly and examine their portfolios, paying special attention to healed examples of their work in your desired style.
Tattoo placement affects both pain levels and visibility. Different body areas have varying sensitivity, and your chosen placement impacts how the tattoo interacts with your body’s contours. For preparation, some people use numbing cream on sensitive areas, though you must discuss this with your artist beforehand. Proper after-care ensures your tattoo’s longevity and appearance.
Before making any permanent decisions, familiarize yourself with things to know before your first tattoo to ensure you’re fully prepared for the experience. Remember that styles blend fluidly, many tattoos beautifully combine traits from different styles, and tattoo art constantly evolves. Your artist will guide you in blending elements to create something truly unique.
If you’re unsure which style is the right fit for you, we recommend checking out our guide: How to Choose a Tattoo Design
Ready To Get Inked? Hyper Inkers Is The Best Tattoo Shop For You
Finding your perfect tattoo style means understanding design elements that resonate with your personal story. From black and grey realism to vibrant traditional work, your tattoo should reflect who you are.
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- 20+ world convention awards and 40+ industry trophies
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The journey through the world of tattoo art culminates in selecting a style that authentically represents your personal narrative and aesthetic vision. This guide serves to illuminate the diverse paths available, ensuring your collaboration with an artist is informed and your final tattoo is a profound expression of self. Embrace this knowledge as you embark on acquiring a piece of art that will resonate for years to come.
